0x342 C++
Abstraction
Standard Library
IO
iostream
the only way to pass or return stream is by non-const reference
- stream cannot be copyied or assigned
- stream might change state (so non-const)
istream& read(istream& is, int hogehoge);
each stream has a iostate, which indicates the state of the current stream, it can be
- good: valid state
- eof: get eof
- fail: recoverable failure (e.g: cin string to a int type)
- bad: stream is corrupt somehow
The state can be modified by users
When it is in good state, the stream is evaled as true, for example, to continuously read until the eof
string line, word;
while(getline(cin, line)){
dosomething();
}
while(cin >> word){
dosomething();
}
fstream
stringstream
Concurrency
std::thread: it needs to join or detach. use RAII to make sure it will be handled correctly. std::mutex: RAII with std::lock_guard or std::unique_lock(can lock multiple mutex and unlock) std::recursive_mutex: allow a thread to acquire a mutex multiple times without deadlock
Algorithm
sort: looks optimized using different sort (insertion <-> quick) when length is short or long Standardization
STL Container
not thread-safe
Sequential Container
Associative Container
C++ Standards
C++11 (C++0x)
lambda expression
C++14
C++17
C++20
Generic Programming:
concept, constraint
C++23 ?!
Reference
[1] Bjarne Stroustrup's C++ Programming Language 3rd edition
[2] llvm libc++ implementation
[3] A History of C++ by Bjarne Stroustrup
[4] C++ standard
[5] C++ Primer